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Circulating libraries were often run by booksellers. The first circulating library in England was established about 1730 by Mr. Wright who has a shop in the Strand. A. K. Newman, publisher of the Minerva Press also ran such a circulating library, unsurprisingly well stocked with romance novels of the company's own production. The number of libraries grew and at the turn of the century 1800 their number had swelled to twenty-six. h The average fee schedule was one guinea for the initial subscription and small fee per book. Naturally every self-respecting lending library had The most popular book of the era, Tales of Fashionable Life i by Maria Edgeworth j, published in six volumes between 1809 and 1812, in their catalog.
Joshua Reynolds -A literary party at Sir Joshua Reynolds - 1781 - Hyde Collection, Someville, New Jersey
allan_ramsay_bookshop-edinburgh
A Midnight Modern Conversation at St. James Coffee Shop - William Hogarth - 1732 - Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection
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The Salon of 1779 - Gabriel de Saint-Aubin - Musée du Louvre, Paris
Vroeg-18de-eeuws koffiehuis
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Thomas Malton - Hall's Library at Margate - 1789 - Bridgeman Art Library (privé collectie)
Lloyd's Coffee House, London by William Holland
Lloyd's subsciption room as drawn by Thomas Rowlandson and Augustus Pugin for Thomas Rowlandson's Microcosm of London (1808-11) - © National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London
Dean Swift at St. James's Coffee House, 1710
Fêtes Vénitiennes - Watteau: fêtes galantes of scènes van aristocratische gezelschappen of groepen komedieacteurs meestal in een parkachtige omgeving. Na de dood van Lodewijk XIV in 1715, verlieten de Franse aristocraten het Franse hof en Versailles om zich in de Parijse stadshuizen terug te trekken. Ze konden er zich vermaken, flirten en scenes uit de Italiaanse Commedia del Arte naspelen.
Watteau - Pilgrimage on the Isle of Cythera, 1717, Louvre. Many commentators note that it depicts a departure from the island of Cythera, the birthplace of Venus, thus symbolizing the brevity of love.
Boucher -- Shepherd and Shepherdess Reposing -- 1761 -- The Wallace Collection, London.
Lady and Gentleman with two Girls and a Servant - Lancret
Botticelli -- De geboorte van Venus -- Galleria degli Uffizi, Firenze.
Rubens -- De drie gratiën -- 1639 -- Prado, Madrid.
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Carl Spitzweg - De Boekenworm, 1850 - Museum Georg Schäfer
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William Wallis (fl.1816-1855) after Thomas Hosmer Shepherd (1793-1864) - Temple of the Muses, Finsbury Square, 1828, Jones & Co, London
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