shape
Circulating libraries were often run by booksellers. The first circulating library in England was established about 1730 by Mr. Wright who has a shop in the Strand. A. K. Newman, publisher of the Minerva Press also ran such a circulating library, unsurprisingly well stocked with romance novels of the company's own production. The number of libraries grew and at the turn of the century 1800 their number had swelled to twenty-six. h The average fee schedule was one guinea for the initial subscription and small fee per book. Naturally every self-respecting lending library had The most popular book of the era, Tales of Fashionable Life i by Maria Edgeworth j, published in six volumes between 1809 and 1812, in their catalog.
Joshua Reynolds -A literary party at Sir Joshua Reynolds - 1781 - Hyde Collection, Someville, New Jersey
allan_ramsay_bookshop-edinburgh
18de-eeuwse boekenwinkel
The Salon of 1779 - Gabriel de Saint-Aubin - Musée du Louvre, Paris
Thomas Malton - Hall's Library at Margate - 1789 - Bridgeman Art Library (privé collectie)
Dean Swift at St. James's Coffee House, 1710
A Midnight Modern Conversation at St. James Coffee Shop - William Hogarth - 1732 - Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection
Carl Spitzweg - De Boekenworm, 1850 - Museum Georg Schäfer
Lloyd's Subscription Room-coffee
Vroeg-18de-eeuws koffiehuis
het ontstaan van een lees- en discussiecultuur en een burgerlijk verenigingsleven: academies, salons, leesgezelschappen, literaire cafés, boekhandels
William Wallis (fl.1816-1855) after Thomas Hosmer Shepherd (1793-1864) - Temple of the Muses, Finsbury Square, 1828, Jones & Co, London